Nasal and paranasal tumors are abnormal growths in or near the nasal passages.

Nasal and paranasal tumors arise when DNA changes in cells of the nasal cavity or sinuses disrupt their normal function. Healthy cells grow, divide, and die in a controlled manner, but tumor cells multiply rapidly and resist dying. These changes can sometimes turn cells cancerous, enabling them to invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis.

Benign tumors, though non-cancerous, can grow large enough to obstruct airflow.

Malignant tumors are cancerous, capable of invading surrounding tissues and spreading to other parts of the body.

Recognizing symptoms

Nasal and paranasal tumors may cause:

• Difficulty breathing through the nose or nasal congestion
• Frequent headaches
• Loss of smell
• Nosebleeds
• Nasal discharge
• Facial swelling or pain
• Watery eyes
• A sore on the roof of the mouth
• Vision issues
• A lump in the neck
• Difficulty opening the mouth

More advanced disease is associated with:

• Difficulty breathing through the nose or nasal congestion
• Loose teeth
• Double vision
• Numbness around the cheek and upper lip
• Swelling in the mouth, jaw or neck
• Facial swelling or pain

Risk Factors for Progression

Some factors that may increase the likelihood of developing these tumors include:

Nasal cavity and sinus cancers are also more common among people who have had significant exposure to:

• Wood dust
• Nickel
• Chemicals used in leather processing

Treatment options vary depending on the specific type of tumor. Consult a healthcare professional if you experience any concerning symptoms.

Early Detection

A biopsy is the first step in diagnosing nasal cavity or sinus cancer. Your biopsy and imaging results help your doctor determine the stage of your cancer. The stage reflects how advanced or widespread the cancer is, serving as a key factor in tailoring your treatment plan.