The main difference is that much less of the bone is removed as only the joint surfaces are replaced with metal inserts. Hip resurfacing requires less recovery time and carries a lower risk of dislocation.

Why it should be done

Hip replacement is the most effective treatment for a hip joint that cannot function adequately and painlessly. The most common causes for surgery are Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fracture of the neck of the thigh bone, avascular necrosis, bone tumours, and other joint injuries. Hip replacements are also sometimes required: in late cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip, which is a condition that prevents the ball and socket hip joint from developing properly.

Complications

Loosening of the joint, which usually occurs 10-15 years after surgery. Another operation (revision surgery) is necessary in around 5-10% of all total hip replacement cases.

Infection can be reduced by using antibiotics at the time of surgery and by using ‘clean air ventilation’ in Operation Theatre. Deeper infection is serious and requires removal and re-implantation of the joint.

Blood clots can form in the deep veins of the leg (deep vein thrombosis) due to reduced movement, but can be prevented using special stockings, exercises and medications.

Dislocation - in a small number of cases, the artificial hip can come out of its socket. It can be replaced under anaesthetic, but repeated problems require further surgery.

Joint stiffness - also known as ossification, the soft tissues can harden around the implant, causing reduced mobility. This is not usually painful and can be prevented using medication, or radiation therapy.

Recovery

People who undergo hip replacement surgery are able to climb stairs and leave hospital within six to ten days. Patients should avoid high impact activities but will be encouraged to walk and follow a gentle exercise programme for some time. Later they can live a normal life.